| ID |
Shift |
Language |
Lexeme |
Meaning 1 |
Dir |
Meaning 2 |
|
| #1005 |
head → chief, boss |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tao5 (頭) |
head |
→ |
chief, boss |
Open realization |
| #1419 |
circle → <money> |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
îⁿ / oân (圓／圆) |
circle |
→ |
round coin; yuan |
Open realization |
| #1692 |
to fall down → to fall (of rain, snow) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
lo6 (落) / lo6 heu6 (落雨) |
to fall down |
→ |
to fall (of rain) |
Open realization |
| #1953 |
acorn ↔ oak |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
siǒng (橡) |
acorn |
— |
oak |
Open realization |
| #2372 |
day → 24 hours |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
rig8 / rêg8 (日) |
day |
→ |
24 hours |
Open realization |
| #2691 |
mouse ↔ rat |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chhí / chhú (鼠) |
mouse |
— |
rat |
Open realization |
| #2723 |
to shine, glitter → to boast |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
hiang5 / hiêng5 (炫) |
to shine, glitter |
→ |
to boast |
Open realization |
| #4263 |
nameless → ring finger |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
bû-bêng / bû-bêng-cháiⁿ |
nameless |
→ |
ring finger |
Open realization |
| #4537 |
middle, centre → middle finger |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tiong (中) / tiong-niáu (中爪) |
middle |
→ |
middle finger |
Open realization |
| #4537 |
middle, centre → middle finger |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tiong (中) / tiong-kê (中椵) |
middle |
→ |
(dated) middle finger |
Open realization |
| #4537 |
middle, centre → middle finger |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tiong (中) / tiong-ko (中哥) |
middle |
→ |
middle finger |
Open realization |
| #4537 |
middle, centre → middle finger |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tiong (中) / tiong-chái (中指) |
middle, centre |
→ |
middle finger |
Open realization |
| #4686 |
blind → caecum (blind gut) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
bông / mô͘ / mō͘ / bōng (盲) / bông-tn̂g / mô͘-tn̂g / mō͘-tn̂g / bōng-tn̂g (盲腸) |
blind |
→ |
caecum (blind gut) |
Open realization |
| #4900 |
drum → tympanum (of ear) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
kó͘ (鼓) / hīⁿ-kó͘ (耳鼓) |
drum |
→ |
tympanum (of ear) |
Open realization |
| #4987 |
horse → seahorse (Hippocampus) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
bhê2 (馬) / hai2 bhê2 (海馬) |
horse |
→ |
seahorse (Hippocampus) |
Open realization |
| #5008 |
shield → coin |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tún (盾) |
shield |
→ |
coin |
Open realization |
| #5030 |
mother → native land |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
bó / bú (母) / bó-kok / bú-kok (母國, 母国) |
mother |
→ |
motherland |
Open realization |
| #5423 |
soldier → police officer |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
piaⁿ / phiaⁿ / peng (兵) |
army, troops; soldier, warrior |
→ |
(Philippine Hokkien) police |
Open realization |
| #5531 |
leaf (of door, window) → fan (hand-held) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
sin3 (扇) |
leaf (of door) |
→ |
fan (hand-held) |
Open realization |
| #5803 |
tiger → middle finger |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
hó͘ (虎) / hó͘-chái (虎指) |
tiger |
→ |
middle finger |
Open realization |
| #6114 |
fur, hair (of animals) → wool, yarn |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
mô͘ (毛) / iôⁿ-mô͘ / iûⁿ-mô͘ (羊毛) |
fur, hair (of animals) |
→ |
wool, fleece |
Open realization |
| #6156 |
pear → pineapple |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
lai5 (梨) / uang5 lai5 (王梨) |
pear |
→ |
pineapple |
Open realization |
| #6156 |
pear → pineapple |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
lai5 (梨) / ang5 lai5 (紅梨) |
pear |
→ |
pineapple |
Open realization |
| #6670 |
cinnabar ↔ red |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
dang1 (丹) |
cinnabar |
← |
red |
Open realization |
| #6670 |
cinnabar ↔ red |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chu (硃) |
cinnabar |
→ |
red |
Open realization |
| #7035 |
<horned animal> → longhorn beetle |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chúi-gû (水牛) |
water buffalo |
→ |
(New Taipei, Kaohsiung) longhorn beetle |
Open realization |
| #7035 |
<horned animal> → longhorn beetle |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
gû-káng (牛犅) / gû-káng-iâⁿ (牛犅螢) |
bull; bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak |
→ |
(Zhangzhou) longhorn beetle |
Open realization |
| #7116 |
empty → zero |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
khòng (空) |
empty |
→ |
zero |
Open realization |
| #7509 |
ship, vessel → airplane |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
t͡sun²⁴ (船) / pə⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴ (飛船) |
ship, vessel |
→ |
airplane |
Open realization |
| #7917 |
eight → August |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
poeh (八) / poeh-ge̍rh (八月) |
eight |
→ |
August |
Open realization |
| #7918 |
nine → September |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
káu (九) / káu-ge̍rh / káu-ge̍h / káu-goe̍h / káu-gōe / káu-gēr (九月) |
nine |
→ |
September |
Open realization |
| #7968 |
corner → diamonds (in cards) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chiam-kak (尖角) |
sharp angle; sharp corner |
→ |
diamonds (in cards) |
Open realization |
| #8695 |
shrew ↔ mouse |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chiam-chhí / chiam-chhú (尖鼠) / chhí / chhú (鼠) |
shrew |
← |
mouse |
Open realization |
| #8697 |
sharp point → shrew |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chiam (尖) / chiam-chhí / chiam-chhú (尖鼠) |
sharp point |
→ |
shrew |
Open realization |
| #9074 |
hen → night-blindness |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
koe (雞) / koe-ba̍k (雞目) |
hen |
→ |
night-blindness |
Open realization |
| #9075 |
bird → night-blindness |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chiah (雀) / chiah-mî (雀盲) |
bird, sparrow |
→ |
night-blindness |
Open realization |
| #9112 |
brave person → warrior |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
ióng-sǐr / ióng-sū (勇士) |
brave person |
→ |
warrior |
Open realization |
| #9600 |
mother → motherwort (Leonurus) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
bú (母) / ah-bú-chháu (益母草) |
mother |
→ |
motherwort (Leonurus) |
Open realization |
| #9695 |
oil (food) → kerosene |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
hér-iû (油) / hér-iû (火油) |
oil (food) |
→ |
kerosene |
Open realization |
| #9698 |
water → kerosene |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
zui2 / hue2 zui2 |
water |
→ |
kerosene |
Open realization |
| #9699 |
coal → kerosene |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
mûi (煤) / mûi-iû (煤油) |
coal |
→ |
kerosene |
Open realization |
| #9700 |
foreign → kerosene |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
iûⁿ-iû (洋) / iûⁿ-iû (洋油) |
foreign |
→ |
kerosene |
Open realization |
| #9701 |
water → kerosene |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chúi (水) / chúi-iû (水油) |
water |
→ |
kerosene |
Open realization |
| #9702 |
to stink → kerosene |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chhàu (臭) / chhàu-iû (臭油) |
smell bad; stench |
→ |
kerosene |
Open realization |
| #9703 |
foreign → petrol, gasoline (motor fuel) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
huan-á (番仔) / huan-á-iû |
foreigner; Westerner |
→ |
petrol, gasoline (motor fuel) |
Open realization |
| #9703 |
foreign → petrol, gasoline (motor fuel) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
hoan (番) / hoan-iû (番油) |
foreign |
→ |
(Hokkien) petrol, gasoline (motor fuel) |
Open realization |
| #9704 |
steam, vapour → petrol, gasoline (motor fuel) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
khì-iû (汽) / khì-iû (汽油) |
steam, vapour |
→ |
petrol, gasoline (motor fuel) |
Open realization |
| #9705 |
electricity → petrol, gasoline (motor fuel) |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tiān (電) / tiān-iû (電油) |
electricity |
→ |
petrol, gasoline (motor fuel) |
Open realization |
| #9767 |
mother → vowel |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
bú (母) / bú-im (母音) |
mother |
→ |
vowel |
Open realization |
| #9770 |
child (son or daughter) → consonant |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
chú (子) / chú-im (子音) |
child (son or daughter) |
→ |
consonant |
Open realization |
| #9944 |
<fruit> → Adam's apple |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
lam1 (欖) / ao5 lam1 (喉欖) |
olive |
→ |
Adam's apple |
Open realization |
| #9997 |
stone (of a fruit) → Adam's apple |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
hu̍t (核) / nâ-âu-hu̍t-á (嚨喉核仔) |
stone of a frut |
→ |
(Zhangzhou) Adam's apple |
Open realization |
| #10132 |
zebra ↔ horse |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
pan-bé (斑馬/斑马) / bé (馬/马) |
zebra |
← |
horse |
Open realization |
| #10132 |
zebra ↔ horse |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
hoe-pan-bé (花斑馬/花斑马) / bé (馬/马) |
zebra |
← |
horse |
Open realization |
| #10132 |
zebra ↔ horse |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
hoe-tiâu-bé (花條馬/花条马) / bé (馬/马) |
zebra |
← |
horse |
Open realization |
| #10271 |
body → health |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
sin-thé (身體) |
body |
→ |
health |
Open realization |
| #10291 |
honey → nectar |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
bi̍t (蜜) / hoe-bi̍t (花蜜) |
honey |
→ |
nectar |
Open realization |
| #10342 |
faeces → earwax |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
sái (屎) / hī-sái (耳屎) |
faeces |
→ |
earwax |
Open realization |
| #10342 |
faeces → earwax |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
sái (屎) / hī-á-sái (耳仔屎) |
faeces |
→ |
earwax |
Open realization |
| #10342 |
faeces → earwax |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
sái (屎) / hī-khang-sái (耳空屎) |
faeces |
→ |
(Zhangzhou Hokkien) earwax |
Open realization |
| #10413 |
long-nosed → person of the Caucasian race |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tok (啄) / a-tok-á (阿啄仔) |
pointy nose |
→ |
person of the Caucasian race |
Open realization |
| #10413 |
long-nosed → person of the Caucasian race |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tok-phīⁿ (啄鼻) / tok-phīⁿ-á (啄鼻仔) |
hooked nose; nose that is shaped like the beak of a parrot |
→ |
person of the Caucasian race |
Open realization |
| #10414 |
evil spirit → person of the Caucasian race |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
gui2 (鬼) / huang1 gui2 (番鬼) |
evil spirit |
→ |
person of the Caucasian race |
Open realization |
| #10414 |
evil spirit → person of the Caucasian race |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
gui2 (鬼) / ang5 mo5 gui2 (紅毛鬼) |
ghost |
→ |
(derogatory) a Dutch or British person, or Western foreigners in general |
Open realization |
| #10415 |
red-haired → person of the Caucasian race |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
âng-mn̂g-lâng (紅毛人) |
red-haired person |
→ |
person of the Caucasian race |
Open realization |
| #10415 |
red-haired → person of the Caucasian race |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
ang5 mo5 (紅毛) / ang5 mo5 gui2 (紅毛鬼) |
red-haired |
→ |
(derogatory) a Dutch or British person, or Western foreigners in general |
Open realization |
| #10415 |
red-haired → person of the Caucasian race |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
âng-mô͘ (紅毛) / âng-mô͘-kâu (紅毛猴) |
red-haired |
→ |
(offensive, regional) person of the Caucasian race |
Open realization |
| #10419 |
to stand → penguin |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
khí / khì (企) / khí-gô / khì-gô (企鵝) |
to stand |
→ |
penguin |
Open realization |
| #10431 |
that ↔ third-person singular |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
i1 (伊) |
that |
→ |
third-person singular |
Open realization |
| #10476 |
to dilute → nitrogen |
Southern Min (Min Nan) |
tām (淡) / tām (氮) |
to dilute |
→ |
nitrogen |
Open realization |